Ammonia Molecule (NH₃): shape, bonds, and polarity
Understand why ammonia has a trigonal pyramidal shape and why NH₃ is polar.
Covalent Bonding: how atoms share electrons
Understand how atoms share electrons and form covalent bonds.
All Simulations
Atom, Orbitals, and Quantum Numbers (s/p/d/f)
Build electron configurations and test orbital filling with quantum numbers.
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry: Lewis + VSEPR
Build Lewis structures, compare VSEPR shapes, and estimate molecular polarity.